Denier - William Sancho

William Sancho ruled Gascony during a period when Carolingian central authority had collapsed entirely, leaving regional lords to mint on their own initiative with minimal oversight. The County of Bordeaux operated in an uncomfortable borderland — nominally within the French kingdom but functionally answerable to nobody in particular, which is precisely why coinage like this exists at all.

Dy féodales 1006 places this squarely in the feudal minting tradition of southwestern France, where dozens of local authorities struck silver on inconsistent weights and fineness during the late tenth century.