Denier - William of Chalon

William of Chalon ruled the Principality of Orange during a period of intense pressure from the French crown, which had long sought to absorb this enclave deep within Provençal territory. The billon denier was by this point a denomination in steep decline across French feudal minting, and several lords had already abandoned it entirely — Orange persisted partly because its autonomous status depended on visible monetary independence.

The variant designations across Boudeau and PA suggest meaningful die differences remain incompletely catalogued for this type.