Denier Tournois - Gaston d'Orléans 13th type

Gaston d'Orléans — Louis XIII's perpetually conspiring brother — governed Dombes as its prince from 1626 until his death in 1660, a tenure punctuated by repeated involvement in plots against Richelieu and the crown. That he was permitted to strike feudal coinage at all during this period reflects the careful political balancing act the French monarchy maintained with its great princes. The 1652–1654 window falls squarely within the Fronde des Princes, during which Gaston briefly allied with Condé against Mazarin before eventually withdrawing to his estates.

The thirteenth type distinction in CGKL's classification reflects how frequently Dombes issues were revised — minor die adjustments and administrative changes produced a long sequence of attributed variants across Gaston's reign.