Denier - Theoderic I Andernach

Theoderic I held the bishopric of Metz from 984 until his death in 1026, and his coinage at Andernach reflects the complex overlapping jurisdictions of the Ottonian and early Salian periods, when episcopal lords exercised minting rights that were technically imperial grants but functionally independent. Andernach itself sat on the Rhine and served as a significant commercial crossing point, giving this denier genuine circulation utility rather than purely ceremonial issue.

The Kluge reference places this squarely within the Carolingian-derived denier tradition that persisted in Lotharingia long after monetary practice had evolved elsewhere in the German lands.