Denier - Stephen III

Stephen III came to power as a teenager in 1162 and spent much of his reign fighting off the rival claims of his uncles, Stephen IV and Ladislaus II, both of whom were backed at various points by Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos. The resulting political instability made coherent monetary policy nearly impossible, and Hungarian coinage of this decade reflects that disruption in its irregular fabric and inconsistent output.

The multiple reference numbers this type carries — cross-listed across Éremhatározó, Huszár, and Engel-Kereszty — reflect genuine scholarly disagreement about attribution within the Stephen III series, where die linkage and reign overlap complicate clean assignment.