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Denier - Stephen II
| Issuer | Hungary |
|---|---|
| Year | 1116-1131 |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Reference(s) | ÉH#40, H#91, EK I#10/11, CAC II#18.6.1.1 |
| Obverse description | Central field dominated by three concave arcs arranged symmetrically around a central pellet, forming an abstract tripartite design. Three small crosses are positioned within the arcs, flanked by triangular pellet groupings in the intervening spaces. Two stylized six-pointed star or cross-pattée motifs occupy the left and right fields. The entire design is enclosed within a beaded border, characteristic of early Hungarian hammered coinage. |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | A bold cross at center, its arms terminating within a plain inner circle, with wedge-shaped or triangular ornaments filling the four quarters between the arms. The area between the inner circle and the outer beaded border is filled with radiating lines, creating a decorative band around the central cross motif. The overall design reflects the simplified, abstract style typical of early twelfth-century Hungarian deniers struck under Stephen II. |
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| Additional information |
Stephen II inherited the throne as a child following the death of his father Kálmán, and his reign was defined by near-constant warfare — against Byzantium, Bohemia, and domestic pretenders simultaneously. Coinage from this period reflects the administrative strain: the Hungarian denier progressively degraded in silver content across the first half of the twelfth century, and issues attributed to Stephen II are among the earliest examples of that decline.
The multiple catalog references here — ÉH, Huszár, EK, and CAC all weighing in — reflect genuine scholarly disagreement about die attribution and reign dating that has never been fully resolved.