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Denier - Richard II and successors
| Issuer | Duchy of Normandy |
|---|---|
| Year | 996-1050 |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | Log in to see details |
| Currency | Log in to see details |
| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Weight | Log in to see details |
| Diameter | Log in to see details |
| Thickness | Log in to see details |
| Shape | Log in to see details |
| Technique | Log in to see details |
| Orientation | Log in to see details |
| Engraver(s) | Log in to see details |
| In circulation to | Log in to see details |
| Reference(s) | Dy féodales#30 |
| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Log in to see details |
| Obverse lettering | O]O |
| Reverse description | A plain cross with pellets in each of the four quarters occupies the central field, enclosed within a circular inner border. The surrounding legend is severely degenerate and largely illegible, reduced to meaningless strokes and pseudoletters as a result of successive re-engraving by die-cutters who no longer understood the original inscriptions. This progressive degradation of the Carolingian legend is a hallmark of Norman feudal deniers struck during the reigns of Richard II and his successors in the first half of the eleventh century. |
| Reverse script | Log in to see details |
| Reverse lettering | Log in to see details |
| Edge | Log in to see details |
| Mint | Log in to see details |
| Mintage | ND (996-1050) |
| Additional information | Log in to see details |