Denier - Richard II

Richard II inherited Aquitaine as part of his claim to the French throne, a claim that was never more than nominal — the duchy had been contested, raided, and partially dismembered since the Black Prince's costly campaigns of the 1360s and 70s left Gascony economically exhausted. These billon deniers were struck in that diminished territory, a region that Edward of Woodstock had bankrupted financing his Spanish intervention at Nájera in 1367. By Richard's reign, English control was shrinking to a coastal fringe, and coin production reflected it.