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Denier - Richard I Type 2
| Uitgever | Duchy of Aquitaine (French States) |
|---|---|
| Jaar | 1169-1189 |
| Type | Log in om details te zien |
| Waarde | Log in om details te zien |
| Valuta | Log in om details te zien |
| Samenstelling | Log in om details te zien |
| Gewicht | Log in om details te zien |
| Diameter | Log in om details te zien |
| Dikte | Log in om details te zien |
| Vorm | Round (irregular) |
| Techniek | Log in om details te zien |
| Oriëntatie | Log in om details te zien |
| Graveur(s) | Log in om details te zien |
| In omloop tot | Log in om details te zien |
| Referentie(s) | Log in om details te zien |
| Beschrijving voorzijde | Log in om details te zien |
|---|---|
| Schrift voorzijde | Log in om details te zien |
| Opschrift voorzijde | m RICA RDVS (Translation: Richard...) |
| Beschrijving keerzijde | A large plain cross pattée divides the reverse field into four quarters, enclosed within a beaded inner circle and a further beaded outer border. The circular legend AGVITANIE runs around the periphery in uncial characters, referencing the Duchy of Aquitaine. The cross extends to the beaded inner circle, a typical feature of feudal deniers of southern France. The flan is slightly irregular in shape, consistent with hammered minting techniques of the 12th century. The reverse adheres closely to the established Aquitainian denier typology associated with the reign of Richard I as Duke of Aquitaine. |
| Schrift keerzijde | Log in om details te zien |
| Opschrift keerzijde | Log in om details te zien |
| Rand | Log in om details te zien |
| Muntplaats | Log in om details te zien |
| Oplage | Log in om details te zien |
| Aanvullende informatie |
Richard held Aquitaine as duke from 1168 under his mother Eleanor's tutelage, and these deniers circulated throughout a duchy that was perpetually restless — Poitevin and Gascon barons revolted repeatedly during his tenure, requiring military campaigns in 1173, 1176, and 1183. The coinage served a fractious territory more than a stable one.
Type 2 is distinguished from the first type by die characteristics documented by Elias, though both share the same billon alloy and approximate module. The low silver content was already a feature of Aquitainian coinage well before Richard inherited the mint rights.