Denier - Raymond V

Historical Context: This silver denier, minted between 1148 and 1194, dates to the reign of Raymond V, a powerful and influential Count of Toulouse and Marquis of Provence. Saint-Gilles, a significant port and administrative center within his extensive domains, served as a crucial minting authority. The issuance of coinage by Raymond V underscored his sovereign authority during a tumultuous period marked by feudal rivalries, the rise of Catharism, and the early stages of the Albigensian Crusade. Such deniers were vital for local commerce and demonstrated the economic autonomy of the County of Saint-Gilles.

Artistry: Characteristic of early medieval feudal coinage, the artistry of this denier is functional rather than ornate. While the specific engraver remains anonymous, the stylistic school reflects the regional traditions of Languedoc, often incorporating simplified, robust designs. Typical motifs include a central cross, frequently accompanied by pellets or annulets in the angles, surrounded by the ruler's name or the mint city. The reverse commonly features a stylized monogram, often representing the ruler's initial or the mint, executed with varying degrees of clarity and precision.

Technical/Grading: Struck from 0.88 grams of silver, this denier exhibits the technical characteristics common to feudal issues. Flans are frequently irregular in shape and thickness, and strikes can be off-center, leading to incomplete legends or designs. Key high-points, such as the center of the cross, the highest relief of any monogram, and the tops of the letters, are particularly susceptible to wear. Die variations are common due to hand-engraving. The overall strike quality often dictates the legibility of the legends and the clarity of the central devices, which are critical for accurate attribution and grading.