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Denier 'Provisino' - Roman Senate
| Issuer | Roman Senate |
|---|---|
| Year | 1188-1252 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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|---|---|
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| Reverse description | A large letter 'S' is centrally placed and flanked on either side by two horizontal crescents or half-moons. Below the 'S' appears a comb-like ornament with eleven teeth, a distinctive device associated with senatorial Roman coinage of this period. A circular Latin legend surrounds the entire design along the periphery. The execution is irregular and somewhat crude, consistent with hammered billon coinage of the medieval Roman Senate. |
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| Reverse lettering | ROMA CAPVT MVN (Translation: Rome, head of the world.) |
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| Additional information |
The provisino del senato emerged after the Roman commune reasserted civic authority against both papal and imperial claims during the 12th century, with the Senate issuing its own coinage as a deliberate act of political defiance. Production ran continuously for decades, making this one of the longer-lived medieval Italian municipal issues — yet individual specimens are difficult to date precisely within the bracket, as the Senate made no effort to distinguish annual emissions.
The billon composition degraded noticeably over the series' lifespan as silver content was progressively reduced.