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Denier Princes Poloniae - Boleslaus I the Brave unknown mint
| Issuer | Kingdom of Poland |
|---|---|
| Year | 1000-1003 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
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| Obverse lettering | PRINCES POLONIAE |
| Reverse description | Central field features a bold cross extending to the edges of the flan, dividing the reverse into four quadrants, each containing a letter or symbol from the legend. The cross design is characteristic of early Piast-period deniers, strongly influenced by contemporaneous German Ottonian coinage. Small decorative elements, including possible annulets or pellets, are visible within the quadrants. The partial Latin legend PRINCES POLONIAE is distributed around the periphery, though the irregular hammered flan results in portions of the inscription being off-flan or weakly struck. The overall execution is typical of the primitive die-cutting technique employed at unknown Polish mints of the early eleventh century. |
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| Additional information |
Boleslaus I began striking deniers almost immediately after the Congress of Gniezno in 1000, where Emperor Otto III — in a gesture almost without parallel in Ottonian diplomacy — granted him the right to establish an independent Polish church hierarchy and, implicitly, the prerogatives of kingship. The coinage followed directly from that political realignment, modeled on contemporary Ottonian types but asserting a distinctly Polish issuing authority. Bolesław was not formally crowned king until 1025, so these pieces predate that coronation by over two decades.
The multiple Kop references reflect genuine die variation across what was likely more than one minting location, none securely identified.