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Denier - Pepin the Short Troyes mint

Issuer Unified Carolingian Empire
Year 751-768
Type Standard circulation coin
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Reverse description Within a beaded border, the mint name is inscribed in two lines in bold, somewhat irregular Carolingian majuscules, reading +TRI above CAS, an abbreviation for Tricasses, the Latin name for the city of Troyes. A cross precedes the first line of the legend, serving both as a decorative and devotional element. The lettering fills the field entirely, consistent with the monogram-and-mint-name format standard for Pepin the Short's coinage. The rough, hand-struck surfaces reflect the hammered technique of the Troyes mint workshop.
Reverse script Latin
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Additional information

Pépin III seized the Frankish throne in 751 by deposing the last Merovingian king, Childeric III, with explicit papal backing — a transaction that fundamentally restructured the relationship between the Church and secular power in Western Europe. His coinage reform, introduced shortly after his coronation, broke decisively from Merovingian monetary tradition by centralizing production under royal authority rather than leaving it dispersed among ecclesiastical and aristocratic mints. The Troyes mint was among the more productive of his authorized striking locations.

Pépin's deniers established the weight standard that Charlemagne would later codify and expand into the broader Carolingian monetary system.

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