Denier - Pepin the Short Saint Cyricus abbey of Clermont

Historical Context: This denier was struck during Pepin the Short's reign (751-768), marking the foundational era of the Carolingian Empire. Pepin's ascension, following the deposition of the last Merovingian king, initiated profound monetary and political reform. This coinage, replacing diverse Merovingian issues, was crucial for consolidating royal authority and establishing a unified monetary system. The Saint Cyricus abbey of Clermont highlights the significant role of ecclesiastical mints under royal oversight.

Artistry: Early Carolingian coinage is aniconic, favoring Christian symbols and epigraphy over imperial portraits. Engravers are unknown; the stylistic school reflects the pragmatic needs of a nascent empire, prioritizing clear authority. Typically, the obverse features a central cross, often with the ruler's name (e.g., PIPPINVS REX). The reverse displays a monogram (like 'RP') or the mint signature, likely Clermont or Saint Cyricus. Rustic uncial or Lombardic script defines its distinctive early medieval aesthetic.

Technical/Grading: This silver denier (1.26 grams, 17 millimeters) adheres to the new Carolingian weight standard. Hand-striking results in common technical aspects: irregular flans, variable strike pressure, and occasional off-center alignment. High-points for grading involve the clarity of the central cross, the legibility of the surrounding legend, and the definition of the monogram or mint name. A well-struck example exhibits sharp cross details and clear, complete lettering, characteristic of early medieval minting despite inherent crudeness.