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Denier - Otto I / Otto II / Otto III Mainz mint
| Issuer | Holy Roman Empire |
|---|---|
| Year | 962-1002 |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Weight | 1.42 g |
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| Obverse description | Central long cross extending nearly to the inner beaded circle, with a raised pellet or globule nestled in each of the four angles formed by the cross arms. The surrounding field between the inner beaded circle and the outer rim bears the imperial Latin legend. The design is executed in the bold, simplified Ottonian hammered style characteristic of late 10th- to early 11th-century German imperial coinage. |
|---|---|
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| Edge | Plain |
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| Additional information |
The Mainz deniers struck under the three Ottos occupied a politically charged mint. Mainz was the seat of the Archbishop, who held both ecclesiastical primacy in the German church and, from 965 onward, the archchancellorship of Germany — making the mint's output as much a statement of episcopal power as imperial authority. Attribution among Otto I, II, and III issues at this mint remains genuinely difficult; the dies changed slowly, and the same types persisted across reigns with minimal modification, which is precisely why Kluge groups them under a single Karolingian-continuity classification.