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Denier - Louis I Venice mint
| Issuer | Unified Carolingian Empire |
|---|---|
| Year | 818-823 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Latin |
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| Reverse description | The reverse presents a three-line inscription filling the entire field, reading VENE / CIAS MO / NETA, identifying this as a coin of Venice. A cross pattée is positioned to the left of the first line, serving as an introductory mark. The lettering is rendered in bold, angular Carolingian capitals with a pronounced relief, consistent with the die-engraving style of the Venice mint under Louis the Pious. The coin's edge is bordered by a light beaded circle, and the flan edges are irregular. |
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| Additional information |
Louis I inherited Charlemagne's monetary reform but faced immediate pressure to maintain consistent fineness across mints that had never fully standardized under his father. The Venice mint — operating under Carolingian authority following the 810 treaty with Byzantium that ended Frank-Byzantine hostilities over the lagoon — was a politically sensitive operation, its output signaling control over a city that had only recently been conceded to the western empire before reverting to Byzantine influence.
CNI VII records eight die variants for this type, suggesting sustained but not heavy production across the five-year window.