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Denier - Louis I Sens mint
| Issuer | Unified Carolingian Empire |
|---|---|
| Year | 818-823 |
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| Orientation | Variable alignment ↺ |
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| Obverse description | A plain cross with equal arms occupies the center of the coin, enclosed within a beaded inner circle. The imperial legend +HLVDDOVICVS IMP (Emperor Louis) runs continuously around the periphery between the beaded circle and the outer toothed border. The lettering is bold and deeply struck in the Carolingian monumental style, with the cross rendered in simple relief against a flat field. The overall design reflects the standardized reform coinage introduced under Louis the Pious. |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Log in to see details |
| Obverse lettering | ✠ HLVDDOVICVS IMP (Translation: Emperor Louis.) |
| Reverse description | The mint name SENONNES (Sens) is displayed in two horizontal lines across the field, reading SEN / NES, divided by a central pellet and accompanied by a trefoil or forked terminal mark at the end of the lower line. The large, bold capital letters fill the flan and are contained within an outer toothed border typical of Carolingian hammered coinage. The layout is characteristic of the two-line mint-name reverse type introduced under the monetary reforms of Louis the Pious, serving as a clear indication of the place of mintage. |
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