Catalog
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| Issuer | Unified Carolingian Empire |
|---|---|
| Year | 818-823 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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|---|---|
| Obverse script | Latin |
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| Reverse description | The reverse displays the mint name INPV RIAS — a rendering of EMPVRIAS (Empúries) — arranged in two lines across the flat field, with the text divided as INPV on the upper line and RIAS on the lower line. The large, bold Carolingian capital letters fill the flan with no central decorative motif, consistent with the two-line inscription reverse type standard for Carolingian deniers of this period. The strike is irregular and slightly off-center, reflecting the hand-hammered production of this provincial mint. A beaded border is present along the coin's edge. The absence of a cross or other device on the reverse is characteristic of this specific Empúries issue. |
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| Reverse lettering | INPV RIAS |
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