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Denier - Leo X

Issuer Comtat Venaissin
Year 1513-1521
Type Standard circulation coin
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Obverse description Central device depicting the papal crossed keys in saltire, surmounted by the papal tiara (triregnum), all set within a dotted inner circle. The keys, symbols of pontifical authority, are rendered in a crude but characteristic medieval style typical of hammered billon coinage. The surrounding circular Latin legend reads LEO PAPA DECIMVS, identifying the issuing pontiff as Pope Leo X. The coin's irregular flan and weak strike in places reflect standard production quality for small-denomination Comtat Venaissin issues of the early sixteenth century.
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Obverse lettering LEO PAPA DECIMVS
(Translation: Pope Leo the Tenth)
Reverse description A plain cross pattée occupies the central field, dividing it into four quarters; the second (upper right) quarter bears an annulet, and the third (lower left) quarter contains a representation of crossed keys, serving as the heraldic device of the Comtat Venaissin. The design is enclosed within a beaded inner circle. The surrounding circular Latin legend reads SANCTVS PETRVS, invoking the patron saint of the papacy. The overall execution is consistent with the rough, hand-struck technique characteristic of small billon deniers of this period and region.
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