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Denier - James I Barcelona, short neck
| Issuer | Catalonia, Principality of |
|---|---|
| Year | 1257-1276 |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | Log in to see details |
| Currency | Libra |
| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Weight | Log in to see details |
| Diameter | Log in to see details |
| Thickness | Log in to see details |
| Shape | Log in to see details |
| Technique | Log in to see details |
| Orientation | Log in to see details |
| Engraver(s) | Log in to see details |
| In circulation to | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Latin |
| Obverse lettering | +BARQINO (Translation: Barcelona) |
| Reverse description | Log in to see details |
| Reverse script | Log in to see details |
| Reverse lettering | Log in to see details |
| Edge | Log in to see details |
| Mint | Log in to see details |
| Mintage | Log in to see details |
| Additional information |
James I of Aragon — "the Conqueror" — was minting these deniers throughout a reign defined by the seizure of Majorca and Valencia, territories whose integration demanded a functioning monetary infrastructure across an expanding Crown. The Barcelona mint supplied the bulk of circulating small change for Catalonia during this period, with the billon composition reflecting chronic silver shortages that pushed fineness progressively lower across successive issues.
The "short neck" distinction in Crusafont's typology separates this variety from contemporaneous dies on purely proportional grounds — a reminder that medieval die-cutters worked without standardized templates.