Denier - Immobilization in the name of Louis IV LVDOVICVS E

The deniers of Nevers present a textbook case of Carolingian name-freezing: long after the last Louis with any connection to the county had died, the moneyers continued striking in his name as a matter of institutional habit and political convenience. Pinning the issue to Louis IV — who died in 954 — made the coin's authority feel ancient and uncontested at a moment when the counts of Nevers were actively consolidating their autonomy from royal oversight. The immobilization itself became the point.