Volledige afbeeldingen bekijken — gratis registratie
Doorgaan met Google — het is gratis of registreer met e-mail

Waarom registreren? Alleen om bots buiten ons catalogus te houden. Uw e-mail blijft privé — we delen het nooit en sturen u niets zonder uw toestemming. Dat garanderen wij u!

Denier - Henry III / Henry IV / Henry V as emperors, Pavia, PAPAI

Uitgever Kingdom of Italy (Carolingian States)
Jaar 1039-1160
Type Standard circulation coin
Waarde Log in om details te zien
Valuta Log in om details te zien
Samenstelling Log in om details te zien
Gewicht Log in om details te zien
Diameter Log in om details te zien
Dikte Log in om details te zien
Vorm Log in om details te zien
Techniek Log in om details te zien
Oriëntatie Log in om details te zien
Graveur(s) Log in om details te zien
In omloop tot Log in om details te zien
Referentie(s) Log in om details te zien
Beschrijving voorzijde Within a beaded inner circle, the imperial name HENRICVS (or abbreviated form) is arranged in three lines across the field, the letters rendered in a bold, somewhat crude Romanesque style characteristic of north Italian hammered coinage. Beaded crescents or wedge-shaped ornaments occupy the four corners or quarters formed by the cross-like division of the legend. A circular Latin legend runs around the periphery within the outermost beaded border. The overall design is entirely typographic, without any effigy or figural element, consistent with the Pavian denier tradition of the Salian and early Staufen period.
Schrift voorzijde Log in om details te zien
Opschrift voorzijde Log in om details te zien
Beschrijving keerzijde The reverse displays the mint city name PAPIA (Pavia) arranged in three lines across the field within a beaded inner circle, again divided into quarters by the intersecting legend lines. Wedge-shaped or crescent ornaments fill the interstitial spaces at the quarters, mirroring the obverse layout. The surrounding circular Latin legend, reading +INPERATOR, identifies the issuer's imperial title and runs between the inner beaded circle and the outer beaded border. The lettering is bold and irregularly spaced, reflecting hand-hammered production and the stylistic conventions of eleventh- and twelfth-century north Italian mint practice. No figural imagery appears; the design is purely inscriptional.
Schrift keerzijde Log in om details te zien
Opschrift keerzijde Log in om details te zien
Rand Log in om details te zien
Muntplaats Log in om details te zien
Oplage Log in om details te zien
Aanvullende informatie

Pavia served as the traditional coronation city for kings of Italy, and the mint there operated under imperial grant through the eleventh and twelfth centuries with remarkable continuity across three reigns. The attribution spanning Henry III through Henry V reflects not sloppy cataloging but a genuine problem: the Pavian denier type was so conservatively maintained that die evidence alone cannot cleanly separate issues by emperor, and the coins circulated interchangeably without anyone at the time caring to distinguish them.

The billon content degraded progressively across this period as imperial control over northern Italian minting weakened against the rising autonomy of the communes.

MISSCHIEN OOK INTERESSANT