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Denier - Henry III / Henry IV as emperors, Milan mint
| Uitgever | Milan Mint (Zecca di Milano) |
|---|---|
| Jaar | 1039-1106 |
| Type | Log in om details te zien |
| Waarde | Log in om details te zien |
| Valuta | Log in om details te zien |
| Samenstelling | Log in om details te zien |
| Gewicht | Log in om details te zien |
| Diameter | Log in om details te zien |
| Dikte | Log in om details te zien |
| Vorm | Log in om details te zien |
| Techniek | Hammered |
| Oriëntatie | Log in om details te zien |
| Graveur(s) | Log in om details te zien |
| In omloop tot | Log in om details te zien |
| Referentie(s) | Log in om details te zien |
| Beschrijving voorzijde | Inscription arranged in three lines within the central field, enclosed by a plain inner circle and a beaded outer border. The abbreviated imperial name and title of Henry (H DIC N) appear in the field, with the legend +IMDERATOR disposed around the inner circle. The lettering is rendered in crude, angular capitals characteristic of Ottonian-Salian hammered coinage. The overall design is strictly epigraphic, with no figural imagery. |
|---|---|
| Schrift voorzijde | Log in om details te zien |
| Opschrift voorzijde | Log in om details te zien |
| Beschrijving keerzijde | Log in om details te zien |
| Schrift keerzijde | Latin |
| Opschrift keerzijde | Log in om details te zien |
| Rand | Log in om details te zien |
| Muntplaats | Log in om details te zien |
| Oplage | Log in om details te zien |
| Aanvullende informatie |
Milan's imperial deniers of this period reflect the city's complex position as a Lombard power center repeatedly drawn into the Investiture Controversy. Henry IV's decades-long struggle with Pope Gregory VII — culminating in the famous 1076 excommunication and the humiliation at Canossa in January 1077 — played out directly in Milanese politics, where the Patarine reform movement had already fractured civic and ecclesiastical authority. The mint continued striking in the emperor's name throughout this turmoil, a striking assertion of imperial legitimacy from a city whose loyalty was genuinely contested.
The attribution spanning both Henry III and Henry IV reflects a die continuity problem cataloguers have never fully resolved.