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Denier - Henry II as emperor; Verona
| Issuer | Kingdom of Italy (Carolingian States) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1014-1024 |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Shape | Round (irregular) |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Latin |
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| Reverse description | A plain cross with splayed terminals is depicted at the center of the field, enclosed within a beaded inner circle, mirroring the obverse design. The peripheral legend +HAOAEV — a debased or abbreviated rendering associated with Verona — runs around the outer margin of the coin. The lettering is characteristically crude and irregular, reflecting the variable die-cutting and hammered striking technique of this Veronese mint issue. |
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| Additional information |
Henry II received the Iron Crown of Italy at Pavia in 1004, but it was his imperial coronation by Pope Benedict VIII in Rome in February 1014 that triggered the right to strike coins in his name across the Italian kingdom. Verona's mint had been active under earlier Carolingian and Ottonian rulers, making it a natural continuation rather than a fresh establishment. The city's position controlling the Adige valley and the Brenner approach gave its coinage practical reach into transalpine trade circuits.
Henry II died in 1024 without a direct heir, ending the Saxon line. These Veronese deniers are among the thinner survivors of his Italian monetary administration — the 0.46g weight reflects chronic bullion stress that plagued northern Italian mints throughout the early eleventh century.