Denier - Henry I

Historical Context: Issued by Henry I of Lusignan, King of Cyprus, during his reign from 1218 to 1253, this denier saw Cyprus solidify its position as a vital strategic and economic hub in the Latin East. Henry's era was marked by internal political struggles, notably the War of the Lombards, yet the island kingdom thrived as a crucial supply base and financial center for the Crusader states. This coinage facilitated local commerce and military expenditures, reflecting the kingdom's economic vitality.

Artistry: Its design adheres to prevailing Crusader numismatic style, heavily influenced by contemporary Western European (French) traditions. While the specific engraver remains anonymous, typical examples from Henry I's reign feature a prominent cross pattee on the obverse, often encircled by the royal title, and a crowned bust of the king or a heraldic lion rampant on the reverse, accompanied by the kingdom's name. The execution, though robust, frequently displays a provincial character common to mints in the Levant.

Technical/Grading: Struck on a 23.0 mm, 2.82-gram copper flan, this denier exhibits characteristics typical of medieval Crusader coinage. High-points susceptible to wear include the center of the cross, the king's crown and facial features, or the lion's head and foreleg. Technical strike qualities often reveal irregular flan preparation, variable strike pressure leading to weaker details, especially along the periphery, and occasional die misalignment. Surface preservation is often challenging due to copper's inherent properties.