Denier - Hartmann I

Hartmann I served as Bishop of Chur from 1026 to 1039, a period when the diocese held significant regalian rights in the Alpine passes — commercially and strategically vital corridors between the Italian peninsula and the northern empire. Episcopal minting authority in Chur derived from imperial grants, and the Carolingian-era precedents for coinage in the region made the Rhenish denier the natural model. Kluge Kar#498 places this firmly within the Carolingian imitative series that dominated southern German and Alpine ecclesiastical minting well into the eleventh century.