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Denier - Federico II IPR

Issuer Sicily, Kingdom of
Year 1220-1250
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Value 1 Denier (1⁄120)
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Obverse description Central field features the letters IPR arranged beneath two omega characters (ΩΩ), all enclosed within a beaded inner circle. The design is characteristic of the abbreviated imperial titulature employed on Hohenstaufen billon issues. A circular legend surrounds the inner circle, reading +.F.ROMANORVM. ΩΩ IPR, referencing Frederick II as Holy Roman Emperor. The strike is irregular, as typical of hammered medieval Sicilian coinage of this period.
Obverse script Latin
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Reverse description A plain cross with slightly splayed arms divides the field into four quarters, each containing an outward-facing crescent. The cross extends to a beaded inner circle, a standard decorative device on Norman and Hohenstaufen Sicilian deniers. A circular legend surrounds the composition reading +.IERSL.ET.SICIL.R., identifying the ruler as King of Jerusalem and Sicily. The overall design follows the established iconographic tradition of crusader-influenced Sicilian coinage.
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