Denier - Conrad II Minden mint

Conrad II inherited the German kingship in 1024 following the extinction of the Ottonian line, and his minting activity at Minden reflects the broader Salian effort to assert royal prerogative over episcopal mints that had grown increasingly autonomous under his predecessors. Minden's bishop held mint rights, but royal types like this denier signal periods of direct imperial intervention in that authority.

Stange 23 is among the scarcer attributions in the Minden sequence — surviving examples tend to show uneven metal flow from the thin, slightly convex flans typical of this workshop.