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Denier - Conrad II as emperor, Venice mint
| Issuer | Republic of Venice |
|---|---|
| Year | 1026-1039 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Obverse lettering | ✠ CONRAD IMPER (Translation: Emperor Conrad.) |
| Reverse description | The reverse displays a stylized church or temple façade in the central field, rendered in a schematic architectural style with a prominent gabled roof above a columned structure, a motif associated with the Venetian mint's adaptation of Carolingian reverse types and possibly alluding to the Basilica of San Marco. The surrounding circular legend reads ✠ ENRICVS, referring to Henry, likely in memory of Emperor Henry II under whose authority the Venetian mint type was originally established. The lettering is set between two concentric beaded borders and is struck in bold, slightly uneven hammered capitals on an irregular billon flan. |
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| Additional information |
Conrad II received the Iron Crown of Lombardy at Milan in 1026 and was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in Rome the following year, and Venice's minting of deniers in his name reflects the city's formal acknowledgment of imperial authority — however nominal that acknowledgment was in practice. The Serenissima had already developed the political habit of minting in the emperor's name while conducting its own affairs almost entirely independently.
Billon coinage of this period from Venice is poorly documented and survives in small numbers. Paolucci's cataloguing remains the primary reference, with few die studies completed on the series.