Catalog
Denier - Conrad II as emperor, Pavia mint
| Issuer | Italy, Kingdom of |
|---|---|
| Year | 1026-1039 |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Technique | Hammered |
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| Obverse description | Central field occupied by a cross-shaped monogram of the emperor's name arranged in three horizontal lines within a beaded inner circle. The boldly rendered capital letters, characteristic of Ottonian-Salian coinage, spell out the abbreviated imperial name of Conrad (CHVONRAD) in a cruciform arrangement. A circular Latin legend surrounds the beaded border. The flan is irregular and slightly uneven in strike, typical of hammered medieval Italian deniers of this period. |
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| Obverse script | Latin |
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| Reverse description | The reverse displays the mint name PAPIA (Pavia) arranged in two lines across the central field, with individual letter groups separated across the flan in a manner consistent with Salian-era Italian imperial coinage. A circular Latin legend reading IMPERATOR surrounds the design within the coin's periphery. The strike is characteristic of the Pavia mint workshop, with bold but somewhat irregular letterforms. The flan edges are uneven, as is typical of hammered billon deniers of the early eleventh century. |
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