Denier - Conrad

Conrad II granted the Bishop of Geneva the right to strike coin during his reign, part of a broader Salian policy of delegating minting authority to ecclesiastical lords as a means of consolidating imperial influence through loyal church intermediaries rather than through direct royal administration. Geneva sat at a commercially significant Alpine crossing, and episcopal control of local coinage was as much about taxing trade as about liturgical prestige.

The HMZ 1#1-286b attribution places this among a tightly documented sequence of early Genevan episcopal issues, though die-linked survivors are rare enough that precise dating within the 1019–1030 window remains a matter of scholarly debate.