Denier - Coloman

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Reverse description	A large open crescent or lunette occupies the central field, enclosing a cross flanked by abstract signs and pseudo-lettering arranged in imitation of a legend. The surrounding area is filled with confused decorative marks and geometric symbols characteristic of early medieval Hungarian deniers. The composition is enclosed within a plain or lightly beaded border. No coherent inscription is present; the design elements are largely ornamental and non-representational.
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Edge	Plain
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Additional information	Coloman — known in Hungarian historiography as Könyves Kálmán, "the Book-Lover" — was among the most intellectually and administratively ambitious rulers of medieval Hungary. He abolished the prosecution of witchcraft, famously declaring that witches do not exist, and codified Hungarian law in ways that drew heavily on ecclesiastical and Byzantine models. His coinage reflects a reign spent consolidating royal authority after the dynastic turbulence that followed the death of László I. At 0.19 g, these deniers were struck to a standard already degraded from earlier Árpád-era issues — a trend that would accelerate sharply through the twelfth century.