Denier - Coloman

Obverse description	Central cross design composed of four wedge-shaped segments arranged symmetrically, each containing a small annulet or pellet, surrounded by a circular band of pseudo-inscriptions or decorative signs rendered in imitation of lettering. The field is filled with abstract symbols and geometric forms typical of early Hungarian hammered coinage. The entire design is enclosed within a beaded border. No legible legend is present; the marks between the cross arms consist of decorative flourishes rather than true text.
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Mintage	ND (1095-1116)
Additional information	Coloman — known in Hungarian historiography as Könyves Kálmán, "the Book-Lover" — was among the most intellectually and administratively ambitious rulers of medieval Hungary. He abolished the prosecution of witchcraft, famously declaring that witches do not exist, and codified Hungarian law in ways that drew heavily on ecclesiastical and Byzantine models. His coinage reflects a reign spent consolidating royal authority after the dynastic turbulence that followed the death of László I. At 0.19 g, these deniers were struck to a standard already degraded from earlier Árpád-era issues — a trend that would accelerate sharply through the twelfth century.