Denier - Charles III

Uitgever Savoy (France)
Jaar 1504-1553
Type Standard circulation coin
Waarde 1 Denier (1⁄240)
Valuta Livre
Samenstelling Billon (.015 silver)
Gewicht 0.7 g
Diameter 17 mm
Dikte
Vorm Round (irregular)
Techniek Hammered
Oriëntatie Coin alignment ↑↓
Graveur(s)
In omloop tot
Referentie(s) MIR#443, MB#43
Beschrijving voorzijde Shield of Savoy arms between two crosslets, within circle.
Schrift voorzijde Latin
Opschrift voorzijde KROLUS SECUNDUS
(Translation: Charles II.)
Beschrijving keerzijde Large ornate `K` in circle.
Schrift keerzijde Latin
Opschrift keerzijde K DUX SABAUDI . S.R
(Translation: Charles, duke of Savoy.)
Rand
Muntplaats
Oplage ND (1504-1553) - -
Numisquare-ID 1023789550
Aanvullende informatie

Historical Context: This Denier was issued under Charles III, Duke of Savoy (1504-1553), a tumultuous period marked by the Italian Wars. Savoy, strategically located, faced immense pressure, with Charles eventually losing most continental territories to France. This billon coinage served as essential small change for daily transactions, underscoring the Duke's continued, albeit challenged, sovereignty and economic necessity amidst political turmoil.

Artistry: The artistic execution of this denier, typical for its denomination and era, reflects a pragmatic approach. Engravers for such small billon issues were generally anonymous local mint masters. The design often features a simple monogram or initial of Charles III on the obverse, and a cross or ducal heraldry on the reverse. The style is utilitarian, a blend of late Gothic simplicity with nascent Renaissance influences, prioritizing legibility over intricate detail given the small flan and base metal.

Technical/Grading: Given its billon composition (.015 silver) and small dimensions (0.7 gg, 17 mm), these deniers frequently exhibit technical challenges. High-points for wear would typically be the central elements of the cross or the highest relief of any monogram. Strikes are often weak, off-center, or incomplete, leading to partial legends or indistinct devices. Planchets are commonly irregular, and the base metal content makes them susceptible to environmental damage, corrosion, and heavy circulation wear, impacting overall grade and preservation.

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