Denier - Charles III

Charles II of Anjou — not Charles III, despite what some catalog traditions persist in calling this type — ruled as Count of Anjou while simultaneously holding the Neapolitan throne, and his monetary administration was split accordingly between Italian and French domains. The billon deniers struck for his French counties were produced at a time when Philip IV of France was aggressively asserting royal control over feudal minting rights, making issues like this one increasingly anomalous survivals of independent comital coinage.

The Dy féodales 390 attribution places this squarely in the contested late-Capetian period, when the purchasing power of billon small change was being steadily eroded by royal manipulation of silver content in the royal denier tournois.