Denier - Charles II Chelles monastery

The Edict of Pistres in 864 was one of the most consequential monetary reforms in Carolingian history — Charles II centralized minting authority, suppressing dozens of unauthorized ecclesiastical and regional issues while simultaneously authorizing specific monasteries and episcopal centers to strike in his name. Chelles, a royal abbey with deep Merovingian roots and strong ties to the Carolingian dynasty through its abbesses, was among the institutions granted or confirmed striking rights under this reorganization. The abbey's coinage thus reflects a deliberate political accommodation rather than a simple survival of older privileges.