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Denier - Charles II / Charles III Paris mint
| Issuer | West Francia, Kingdom of |
|---|---|
| Year | 864-922 |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | Log in to see details |
| Currency | Pound (840-987) |
| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Weight | Log in to see details |
| Diameter | Log in to see details |
| Thickness | Log in to see details |
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| Technique | Log in to see details |
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| In circulation to | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Log in to see details |
| Obverse lettering | Log in to see details |
| Reverse description | Central field features a plain long cross with arms extending nearly to the beaded inner circle, dividing the reverse into four equal quadrants, each left plain. The cross is rendered in high relief with clean, rectilinear lines consistent with Carolingian hammered technique. A beaded inner circle separates the central motif from the circumferential legend, which identifies the Paris mint. The outer legend is struck in bold capital letters on an irregularly shaped flan, as is typical of deniers of this period and mint. |
| Reverse script | Log in to see details |
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| Edge | Log in to see details |
| Mint | Log in to see details |
| Mintage | ND (864-922) - (fr) Nouchy #172A: PΛRISII CIVIIS - ND (864-922) - (fr) Nouchy #172B: PΛRISII CIVITΛS - ND (864-922) - (fr) Nouchy #172C: PΛRSII CIVITΛS - ND (864-922) - (fr) Nouchy #172D: PΛRSII CIVITΛS (rétrograde) - |
| Additional information |
The Edict of Pîtres in 864 was among the most sweeping monetary reforms of the Carolingian period — Charles II (the Bald) drastically consolidated minting authority, restricting production to a limited number of royal and ecclesiastical sites and outlawing the circulation of coins struck outside those designated places. Paris was among the authorized mints. The type proved so durable it continued through the reign of Charles III (the Simple), struck across a span of nearly sixty years with minimal design evolution.
The longevity of the type across two reigns is precisely what makes attribution to a specific ruler difficult without die study. Gariel's corpus and Prou's later work remain the baseline references for distinguishing the emissions.