Denier - Casimir IV Jagiellon Kraków mint

Casimir IV died in June 1492, and the deniers struck through the end of that decade belong to the reign of his son John I Albert, who inherited a kingdom already stretched thin by decades of conflict with the Teutonic Order and the Ottoman frontier pressing from the south. The attribution of these small silver pieces to Casimir's reign in dealer catalogs is a persistent cataloging convention rather than a strict historical claim — the Kopicki references span issues that almost certainly bridge the succession.

At 0.3 grams, these were the smallest meaningful unit of account in late Jagiellonian Poland, worn to near-illegibility in ordinary use.