Denier Bracteate - Mieszko III the Old Gniezno or Kalisz mint

Mieszko III ruled Greater Poland twice — expelled by his own nobles in 1177, he spent years in exile before reclaiming power, a dynastic instability that directly shaped the fragmentary nature of his coinage. Bracteates of this type were struck on thin, single-sided flans precisely because the technology allowed rapid, low-cost production suited to a fragmented Piast realm where mint authority shifted with political fortune.

Kop#87 attributions to either Gniezno or Kalisz reflect genuine scholarly uncertainty — both mints were active under Mieszko, and die evidence has not conclusively separated their output.