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Denier Bracteate - Mieszko III the Old Gniezno or Kalisz mint

Issuer Greater Poland, Duchy of
Year 1138-1202
Type Standard circulation coin
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Obverse description Facing bust of the prince, rendered in a schematic Romanesque style characteristic of 12th-century Polish bracteate coinage, depicted with a crown or diadem above the head. Flanking elements, possibly stylised architectural or heraldic motifs, occupy the lateral fields. Fragmentary Latin legend surrounds the central effigy, partially legible due to the irregular flan and die wear. The overall composition is struck on a thin, broad silver flan with characteristic bracteate relief. The flan exhibits edge splits and minor cracks consistent with the hammered bracteate technique.
Obverse script Latin
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Mieszko III ruled Greater Poland twice — expelled by his own nobility in 1177, he spent decades in intermittent exile before reclaiming his position, dying in power in 1202. His bracteates reflect this turbulent administration: multiple mints operating across his territories, attribution between Gniezno and Kalisz remaining genuinely contested among Polish numismatists to this day. At 0.12 grams, these were among the lightest coins in circulation anywhere in medieval Europe, their single-sided fabric a practical concession to silver so thin that striking both faces was technically impossible.

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