Denier Bracteate - Mieszko III the Old Gniezno or Kalisz mint

Mieszko III ruled Greater Poland twice — exiled in 1177 after a baronial revolt, he spent decades clawing back power before dying in office in 1202. This bracteate falls somewhere in that fractured timeline. The thin, single-sided fabric of bracteates made them vulnerable to cracking and folding, which is why intact survivors are consistently underrepresented relative to their original mintage. Gniezno and Kalisz were the two dominant minting centers of the duchy, and attributing a specific piece to one over the other remains contested among Polish medievalists without strong die-link evidence.