Denier Bracteate - Mieszko III the Old Gniezno or Kalisz mint

Mieszko III ruled intermittently — he was expelled from Kraków twice, in 1177 and again in 1191, by coalitions of rival princes and disaffected nobles who found his centralizing ambitions intolerable. His bracteates were struck during periods when he controlled Greater Poland directly, and the Gniezno and Kalisz mints both operated under his authority at different points across his long, fractured reign. Bracteate coinage in this region reflects a broader Central European trend of the 12th century, where single-sided thin flans were favored partly for their lower silver content relative to double-sided deniers.

Kop#125 sits in a series where attribution between the two mints remains genuinely contested among Polish numismatists.