Denier Bracteate - Mieszko III the Old Gniezno or Kalisz mint

Mieszko III ruled Greater Poland across two periods of power, repeatedly expelled from his seat — once by his own subjects in 1177 — and eventually restored. His deniers and bracteates were struck at Gniezno and Kalisz during a reign defined less by stability than by dynastic struggle among the Piast princes following the fragmentation decreed by Bolesław III's 1138 testament. That fragmentation, which divided Poland among his sons, set off nearly two centuries of internal competition.

Kop#129 sits in a series where mint attribution between Gniezno and Kalisz remains contested among specialists, the thin fabric of bracteate flans offering few die-linkage anchors.