Denier Bracteate - Mieszko III the Old Gniezno or Kalisz mint

Mieszko III ruled Greater Poland twice — expelled by his own nobles in 1177, he spent decades maneuvering for restoration before finally reclaiming Kraków in 1198. These bracteates were struck across that turbulent arc, likely at both Gniezno and Kalisz, though attributing specific dies to either mint with certainty remains an open problem in Polish numismatics. The thinness is structural, not a deficiency — single-sided bracteate technology was well established in the German lands by this period and spread east through dynastic and ecclesiastical networks.