Denier Bracteate - Diethelm of Krenkingen and Werner of Staufen

Historical Context: This Denier Bracteate was issued by the Bishopric of Constance between 1180 and 1210, encompassing Bishops Diethelm of Krenkingen (1189-1206) and Werner of Staufen (1206-1209). Constance was a significant ecclesiastical principality within the Holy Roman Empire, navigating complex Hohenstaufen relations. The issuance of bracteates, thin, single-sided silver coins, reflects a prevalent Central European minting practice, indicative of localized economies and the Renovatio Monetae system, where coinage was regularly recalled and reissued.

Artistry: While specific engravers are rarely documented for bracteates of this period, the stylistic school is firmly Romanesque. The design, characteristic of bracteates, is struck on one side, leaving an incuse impression on the reverse. These coins typically feature bold, stylized imagery reflecting episcopal authority, such as a mitre, crozier, or patron saint, often within a decorative border. The large diameter relative to its minimal 0.50 gg weight allowed for prominent, albeit shallow, relief, ensuring significant visual impact.

Technical/Grading: Struck from silver at 0.50 grams, this bracteate exemplifies production challenges. Due to extreme thinness, bracteates frequently exhibit weaknesses in strike, particularly at edges or on intricate design elements. High-points, like a mitre's apex or central cross elements, often show wear or incomplete striking. Flan cracks, folds, or tears are common, reflecting the flan's fragile nature during striking. Preservation of full detail and a complete, undamaged flan is highly prized.