Denier Bracteate

Worms had been minting bracteates — coins struck on a single thin flan, with the design appearing in relief on one side and intaglio on the other — long after most German cities had abandoned the technique for double-sided coinage. By the early seventeenth century, this was a deliberate archaism, a civic assertion of ancient minting rights during a period when imperial monetary reforms were steadily eroding municipal coining privileges. The Thirty Years' War, which erupted in 1618, would eventually end Worms's independent coinage altogether.