Denier Bracteate

The Abbey of Lindau — a Benedictine house of canonesses on Lake Constance — held imperial immediacy, answering directly to the emperor rather than any intervening secular lord. That status gave the abbess the right to strike coin, and these thin bracteates were the practical expression of it. The issue circulated in a region where bracteate technology persisted well after much of the Rhine valley had abandoned it.

Lebek's distinction between 8b and 8c reflects die differences rather than separate emissions — both attributable to the same striking period.