Catalog
Denier - Boleslaus I the Brave unknown mint
| Issuer | Kingdom of Poland |
|---|---|
| Year | 992-1006 |
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| Shape | Round (irregular) |
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|---|---|
| Obverse script | Latin |
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| Reverse description | A plain, bold cross with a double inner outline occupies the central field of the reverse, characteristic of early Piast coinage imitating Carolingian and Ottonian denier types. The cross divides the field into four quadrants. A Latin legend reading PRINCES is distributed around the periphery in large, somewhat irregular characters, with individual letters separated around the coin's edge in a style typical of hammered early medieval coinage. |
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| Additional information |
Boleslaus I inherited the Polish duchy in 992 and elevated it to a kingdom by his imperial coronation in 1025, but these early deniers predate that transformation entirely — they belong to the ducal phase, struck in imitation of Ottonian pfennigs circulating in the adjacent German territories. Polish minting at this stage was embryonic, with no established mint infrastructure, which explains the absence of a confirmed mint attribution. The coins were likely struck in multiple locations opportunistically rather than from a single organized facility.
Kopicki's reference remains the baseline for this type, though die studies have suggested considerable variety within the series.