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Denier - Berengar I fourth coinage, as emperor, Pavia mint
| Issuer | Kingdom of Italy |
|---|---|
| Year | 915-924 |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Orientation | Variable alignment ↺ |
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| Reverse description | The reverse presents a three-line legend arranged horizontally within the coin field, reading the invocation to the Christian religion and the mint city of Pavia. The text is set within a beaded inner circle and flanked by a surrounding peripheral legend, all executed in the bold, angular capital lettering typical of early tenth-century Italian hammered deniers. A cross appears at the head of the outer legend. The stark, text-only composition without figurative elements is consistent with the Carolingian monetary tradition at the Pavia mint. |
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| Reverse lettering | + XPISTIΛNΛ RELICI PΛ PIΛ CI (Translation: Christian religion. City of Pavia.) |
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| Additional information |
Berengar I spent decades clawing toward the imperial title, first crowned King of Italy in 888 and finally receiving the imperial crown from Pope John X in 915 — the last emperor to be crowned before a gap of nearly forty years in the office. This fourth coinage reflects that hard-won elevation, struck at Pavia, the traditional Lombard royal capital where Berengar had long maintained his court. His reign ended in assassination in 924, making the production window for this issue less than a decade.