Denier - Béla IV

Béla IV's reign was defined almost entirely by the Mongol invasion of 1241–42, which destroyed an estimated half of Hungary's population and reduced much of the kingdom's infrastructure — including its minting apparatus — to rubble. Coinage from the years immediately following the invasion is poorly documented and attribution remains contested among Hungarian numismatists. The ÉH and H reference numbers for this type have historically been assigned to overlapping issues, and the EK and CAC citations reflect ongoing efforts to rationalize a series complicated by interrupted production and post-invasion monetary reconstruction.